1. Common Acids
You must memorize the names and formulae of these specific acids. Note the distinction between mineral acids (inorganic) and organic acids.
| Name | Formula | Type | Diprotic/Monoprotic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrochloric acid | Strong / Mineral | Monoprotic ( | |
| Nitric acid | Strong / Mineral | Monoprotic ( | |
| Sulfuric acid | Strong / Mineral | Diprotic ( | |
| Ethanoic acid | Weak / Organic | Monoprotic* |
*Note on Ethanoic Acid
Only the Hydrogen atom attached to the Oxygen (in the -COOH group) is acidic. The three Hydrogens on the carbon atom do not dissociate.
2. Common Alkalis
An alkali is a soluble base that releases hydroxide ions (
| Name | Formula | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium hydroxide | Soluble | Strong Alkali | |
| Potassium hydroxide | Soluble | Strong Alkali | |
| Ammonia | Soluble (as gas) | Weak Alkali* |
Ammonia
Ammonia does not contain an
group in its formula. It acts as an alkali by reacting with water to generate hydroxide ions: